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Al Haramain High-Speed Rail Stations in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Haramain High-speed Railway is a major infrastructure project for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, connecting the cities of Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah and the developing King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC). The stations are conceived as gateways to each city, filled with places to meet, shop, eat and shelter from the sun. Altogether, the large, flexible stations will cover an area more than 30 times the size of London’s Trafalgar Square and will initially accommodate an anticipated 60 million passengers – approximately six times the number of passengers that take the Eurostar from St Pancras each year. This is expected to increase to 135 million passengers by 2042.

KAEC Station

Architects: Foster + Partners
Project: Al Haramain High-speed Rail Stations
Location: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Client: Saudi Railways Organisation
Collaborating Architect: Dar Al Riyadh
Cost Consultant: Davis Langdon
Structural Engineers: Buro Happold
Foster + Partners Team: Mouzhan Majidi, Luke Fox, Angus Campbell, Huw Thomas, Alistair Lenczner, Angelika Kovacic, Jurgen Kuppers, Tony Miki, Pearl Tang, Vincent Westbrook, Young Wei-Yang Chiu, Diogo Bleck, Melissa Clinch, Perry Ip, Dirk Jantz, Charbel Tannous

Jeddah Station

Mechanical Engineers: Buro Happold
Landscape Architect: Capita Lovejoy
Lighting Consultant: Jason Bruges Associates
Lift Consultant: Buro Happold
Fire Consultant: Buro Happold
Facade Consultant: Buro Happold
Appointment: March 2009
Construction: January 2011 – May 2013
Number of Stations: 4 (Makkah, Jeddah, KAEC and Madinah)
Building Height: Jeddah, KAEC – top of roof +27.7meters; Maddinah, Makkah – top of roof – +24.7meters
Modular Components: Roof, superstructure, internal fit-out elements
Structural systems: Steel roof system + pre-cast concrete superstructure
Main materials: In situ concrete super-structure, steel roof structure, GRP roof, metal mashrabiya, metal and glass facade, fabric platform roof
Sustainability: Maximised shading and use of daylight (5% opening), passive cooling in platform and grey water recycling.

Jeddah Station

The modular approach to the stations’ design is complemented by variations in colour, which signify the four cities while remaining emblematic of the HHR system. The terminal stations of Medina and Makkah are characterised by a rich colour palette: Makkah Station references the gold leaf of the decorated Kab’ah and the city’s significance as a holy site, while Madinah Station’s vivid green colour draws inspiration from the Mosque of the Prophet. Jeddah Station features a shade of purple which has a particular resonance with the city and KAEC’s station is a futuristic blue and silver, representative of its role as a modern new city. Drawing on Islamic architecture, the design concept takes the traditional gateway arch form as the basis for its roof design. The design, common to all stations, features a sequence of 25-metre-high arches rising from the concourse, complemented by smaller 9-metre-high arches at platform level. Supported by freestanding structural trees, repeated on a 27-metre square grid, the arches connect to form a flexible vaulted roof.

KAEC Station

By following the direction of the trains, the arrangement of spaces helps passengers navigate the stations intuitively, with few level changes and the interior spaces provide respite from the heat of the desert. Following a ‘kit-of-parts’ approach, each station has a combination of different facades according to their orientation – solid facades are used where visibility is not essential, in order to reduce solar gain. The glazed entrances to the concourse and the platforms are concealed behind a combination of external mashrabiya and the deep overhanging roof canopies. Each station is oriented according to the path of the sun, turning from Madinah Station, which faces east, to north-facing Makkah Station. Their changing position is articulated through openings in the roof, through which light tubes draw daylight down to the concourse level and animate the space. At night, spotlights between the perforations give the impression of stars in a night sky. Spherical chandeliers, suspended between the arches, provide focused lighting, mediating between the scale of the roof and concourse level and accentuating the rhythm of the structure.

Madinah Station

Makkah Station

Jeddah Station

Madinah Station

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